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Joseph Mallord William Turner
English Romantic Painter, 1775-1851 Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 ?C 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Although Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, he is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Turner's talent was recognised early in his life. Financial independence allowed Turner to innovate freely; his mature work is characterised by a chromatic palette and broadly applied atmospheric washes of paint. According to David Piper's The Illustrated History of Art, his later pictures were called "fantastic puzzles." However, Turner was still recognised as an artistic genius: the influential English art critic John Ruskin described Turner as the artist who could most "stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of Nature." (Piper 321) Suitable vehicles for Turner's imagination were to be found in the subjects of shipwrecks, fires (such as the burning of Parliament in 1834, an event which Turner rushed to witness first-hand, and which he transcribed in a series of watercolour sketches), natural catastrophes, and natural phenomena such as sunlight, storm, rain, and fog. He was fascinated by the violent power of the sea, as seen in Dawn after the Wreck (1840) and The Slave Ship (1840). Turner placed human beings in many of his paintings to indicate his affection for humanity on the one hand (note the frequent scenes of people drinking and merry-making or working in the foreground), but its vulnerability and vulgarity amid the 'sublime' nature of the world on the other hand. 'Sublime' here means awe-inspiring, savage grandeur, a natural world unmastered by man, evidence of the power of God - a theme that artists and poets were exploring in this period. The significance of light was to Turner the emanation of God's spirit and this was why he refined the subject matter of his later paintings by leaving out solid objects and detail, concentrating on the play of light on water, the radiance of skies and fires. Although these late paintings appear to be 'impressionistic' and therefore a forerunner of the French school, Turner was striving for expression of spirituality in the world, rather than responding primarily to optical phenomena. Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway painted (1844).His early works, such as Tintern Abbey (1795), stayed true to the traditions of English landscape. However, in Hannibal Crossing the Alps (1812), an emphasis on the destructive power of nature had already come into play. His distinctive style of painting, in which he used watercolour technique with oil paints, created lightness, fluency, and ephemeral atmospheric effects. (Piper 321) One popular story about Turner, though it likely has little basis in reality, states that he even had himself "tied to the mast of a ship in order to experience the drama" of the elements during a storm at sea. In his later years he used oils ever more transparently, and turned to an evocation of almost pure light by use of shimmering colour. A prime example of his mature style can be seen in Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway, where the objects are barely recognizable. The intensity of hue and interest in evanescent light not only placed Turner's work in the vanguard of English painting, but later exerted an influence upon art in France, as well; the Impressionists, particularly Claude Monet, carefully studied his techniques.

 

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Joseph Mallord William Turner Burning of the Houses oil painting

Painting ID::  30694

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Burning of the Houses
mk68 Oil on canvas Philadelphia,Philadelphia Museum of Art 1835 Britain
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Landscape with Juntion of the Severn and the Wye oil painting

Painting ID::  30695

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Landscape with Juntion of the Severn and the Wye
mk68 Oil on canvas Paris,Louvre. c.1845 Britain
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Fishing boats entering calais harbor oil painting

Painting ID::  31831

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Fishing boats entering calais harbor
mk76 Painted c.1803 Oil on canvas 29x38 3/4in
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Antwerp van goyen looking our for a subject oil painting

Painting ID::  31832

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Antwerp van goyen looking our for a subject
mk76 Painted in 1833 Oil on canvas 36 1/8x48 3/8in
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The harbor of dieppe oil painting

Painting ID::  31833

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
The harbor of dieppe
mk76 Dated 1826 Oil on canvas 68 3/8x88 3/4in
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Cologne:The arrival of a packet-boat:evening oil painting

Painting ID::  31834

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Cologne:The arrival of a packet-boat:evening
mk76 Painted in 1826 Oil and possibly watercolor on canvas 66 3/8x88 1/4in
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Details of Mortlake terrace:early summer morning oil painting

Painting ID::  31835

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Details of Mortlake terrace:early summer morning
mk76 Painted in 1826 Oil on canvas 36 5/8x48 1/2in
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Mortlake terrace:early summer morning oil painting

Painting ID::  31836

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Mortlake terrace:early summer morning
mk76 Painted in 1826 Oil on canvas 36 5/8x48 1/2in
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Houses of Parliament on Fire oil painting

Painting ID::  34605

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Houses of Parliament on Fire
mk94 1834
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Fishing Boats Entering Calais Harbor oil painting

Painting ID::  38145

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Fishing Boats Entering Calais Harbor
mk29 c.1803 Oil on canvas 73.7x98.4cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Snow Storm,Hannibal and his Amy Crossing the Alps oil painting

Painting ID::  40645

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Snow Storm,Hannibal and his Amy Crossing the Alps
mk156 c.1811 Oil on canvas 146x237.5cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Dido Building Carthage or the rise of the Carthaginian Empire oil painting

Painting ID::  40655

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Dido Building Carthage or the rise of the Carthaginian Empire
mk156 1815 Oil on canvas 155.5x23.2cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Fighting Temeraire oil painting

Painting ID::  40684

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Fighting Temeraire
mk156 1839 Oil on canvas 91x122cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner THed Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons,16 October,1834 oil painting

Painting ID::  40685

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
THed Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons,16 October,1834
mk156 c.1835 Oil on canvas 91x122cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Rain,Steam and Speed oil painting

Painting ID::  40688

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Rain,Steam and Speed
mk156 Before 1844 Oil on canvas 91x121.8cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Snow Storm-Steam-Boat off a Harbour-s Mouth oil painting

Painting ID::  40689

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Snow Storm-Steam-Boat off a Harbour-s Mouth
mk156 1842 Oil on canvas 91.4x121.9cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner THe Grand Canal oil painting

Painting ID::  41351

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
THe Grand Canal
mk161 Oil on canvas
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The slave ship oil painting

Painting ID::  42758

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
The slave ship
MK169 1840 Oileverf on cloth 90.8x122.6cm Museum or Finn Physician. Boston
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Glacier and source of the Avyron, Chamonix oil painting

Painting ID::  42759

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Glacier and source of the Avyron, Chamonix
MK169 1802-03 water Color on paper 68.5x101.5cm
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Uysses Deriding Polyphemus oil painting

Painting ID::  43311

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
Uysses Deriding Polyphemus
mk170 1829 Oil on canvas 132.7x203.2cm
   
   
     

 

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
English Romantic Painter, 1775-1851 Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 ?C 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Although Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, he is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Turner's talent was recognised early in his life. Financial independence allowed Turner to innovate freely; his mature work is characterised by a chromatic palette and broadly applied atmospheric washes of paint. According to David Piper's The Illustrated History of Art, his later pictures were called "fantastic puzzles." However, Turner was still recognised as an artistic genius: the influential English art critic John Ruskin described Turner as the artist who could most "stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of Nature." (Piper 321) Suitable vehicles for Turner's imagination were to be found in the subjects of shipwrecks, fires (such as the burning of Parliament in 1834, an event which Turner rushed to witness first-hand, and which he transcribed in a series of watercolour sketches), natural catastrophes, and natural phenomena such as sunlight, storm, rain, and fog. He was fascinated by the violent power of the sea, as seen in Dawn after the Wreck (1840) and The Slave Ship (1840). Turner placed human beings in many of his paintings to indicate his affection for humanity on the one hand (note the frequent scenes of people drinking and merry-making or working in the foreground), but its vulnerability and vulgarity amid the 'sublime' nature of the world on the other hand. 'Sublime' here means awe-inspiring, savage grandeur, a natural world unmastered by man, evidence of the power of God - a theme that artists and poets were exploring in this period. The significance of light was to Turner the emanation of God's spirit and this was why he refined the subject matter of his later paintings by leaving out solid objects and detail, concentrating on the play of light on water, the radiance of skies and fires. Although these late paintings appear to be 'impressionistic' and therefore a forerunner of the French school, Turner was striving for expression of spirituality in the world, rather than responding primarily to optical phenomena. Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway painted (1844).His early works, such as Tintern Abbey (1795), stayed true to the traditions of English landscape. However, in Hannibal Crossing the Alps (1812), an emphasis on the destructive power of nature had already come into play. His distinctive style of painting, in which he used watercolour technique with oil paints, created lightness, fluency, and ephemeral atmospheric effects. (Piper 321) One popular story about Turner, though it likely has little basis in reality, states that he even had himself "tied to the mast of a ship in order to experience the drama" of the elements during a storm at sea. In his later years he used oils ever more transparently, and turned to an evocation of almost pure light by use of shimmering colour. A prime example of his mature style can be seen in Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway, where the objects are barely recognizable. The intensity of hue and interest in evanescent light not only placed Turner's work in the vanguard of English painting, but later exerted an influence upon art in France, as well; the Impressionists, particularly Claude Monet, carefully studied his techniques.